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# The Ayn Rand Institute: Ayn Rand Organization

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## ARI Media
- [(RWM 01040201001) Chapter 10 Focused Summary](https://aynrand.org/ari_media/rwm-010401001-chapter-10-focused-summary/)
- [(RWM 0104020903) Betrayal](https://aynrand.org/ari_media/rwm-0104020903-betrayal/)
- [(RWM 0104020902) Atlantis](https://aynrand.org/ari_media/rwm-0104020902-atlantis/)
- [(RWM 0104020901) Chapter 9 Focused Summary](https://aynrand.org/ari_media/rwm-0104020901-chapter-9-focused-summary/)
- [(RWM 0104020804) Price No Object](https://aynrand.org/ari_media/rwm-0104020804-price-no-object/)
- [(RWM 0104020803) An Interesting Pattern](https://aynrand.org/ari_media/rwm-0104020803-an-interesting-pattern/)
- [(RWM 0104020802) Zeroes](https://aynrand.org/ari_media/rwm-0104020802-zeroes/)
- [(RWM 0104020801) Chapter 8 Focused Summary](https://aynrand.org/ari_media/chapter-8-focused-summary/)
- [(RWM 0104020703) Training For Solitude](https://aynrand.org/ari_media/rwm-0104020703-training-for-solitude/)
- [(RWM 0104020702) Robin Hood](https://aynrand.org/ari_media/rwm-0104020702-robin-hood/)
- [(RWM 0104020701) Chapter 7 Focused Summary](https://aynrand.org/ari_media/rwm-0104020701-chapter-7-focused-summary/)
- [(RWM 0104020604) The System](https://aynrand.org/ari_media/0104020604-the-system/)
- [(RWM 0104020603) Dr. Floyd Ferris (pt. 2)](https://aynrand.org/ari_media/rwm-0104020603-dr-floyd-ferris-pt-2/)
- [(RWM 0104020602) Miracle Metal](https://aynrand.org/ari_media/rwm-0104020602-miracle-metal/)
- [(RWM 0104020601) Chapter 6 Focused Summary](https://aynrand.org/ari_media/rwm-0104020601-chapter-6-focused-summary/)
- [(RWM 0104020503) The Public Good](https://aynrand.org/ari_media/rwm-0104020503-the-public-good/)
- [(RWM 0104020502) Account Overdrawn](https://aynrand.org/ari_media/account-overdrawn/)
- [(RWM 0104020501) Chapter 5 Focused Summary](https://aynrand.org/ari_media/rwm-0104020501-chapter-5-focused-summary/)
- [(RWM 010401010202) Chapter 1 Focused Summary V2](https://aynrand.org/ari_media/rwm-010401010202-chapter-1-focused-summary-v2/)
- [(RWM 010401010102) An Intro to the Project (V2)](https://aynrand.org/ari_media/rwm-010401010102-an-intro-to-the-project-v2/)
- [(0104020404) The Trial](https://aynrand.org/ari_media/0104020404-the-trial/)
- [(0104020402) The Final Chain](https://aynrand.org/ari_media/0104020402-the-final-chain/)
- [(0104020401) Chapter 4 Focused Summary](https://aynrand.org/ari_media/0104020401-chapter-4-focused-summary/)
- [(0104020304) Atlas Shrugged](https://aynrand.org/ari_media/0104020304-atlas-shrugged/)
- [(0104020303) Dr. Floyd Ferris](https://aynrand.org/ari_media/0104020303-dr-floyd-ferris/)
- [(0104020302) The Scheme of Punishment](https://aynrand.org/ari_media/0104020302-the-scheme-of-punishment/)
- [(0104020301) Chapter 3 Focused Summary](https://aynrand.org/ari_media/0104020301-chapter-3-focused-summary/)
- [(RWM 0104020201) P2 Chapter 2 Focused Summary](https://aynrand.org/ari_media/0104020201-p2-chapter-2-focused-summary/)
- [(0104020204) The Unnamed](https://aynrand.org/ari_media/0104020204-the-unnamed/)
- [(0104020203) The Money Speech](https://aynrand.org/ari_media/0104020203-the-money-speech/)
- [(0104020202) If We Don’t Trade Money](https://aynrand.org/ari_media/0104020202-if-we-dont-trade-money/)
- [(0104020104) The Man Who Belonged on Earth](https://aynrand.org/ari_media/0104020104-the-man-who-belonged-on-earth/)
- [(0104020103) The “De-Freezers”](https://aynrand.org/ari_media/0104020103-the-de-freezers/)
- [(0104020102) Dr. Robert Stadler pt.2](https://aynrand.org/ari_media/0104020102-dr-robert-stadler-pt-2/)
- [(0104020101) Chapter 1 Focused Summary](https://aynrand.org/ari_media/0104020101-chapter-1-focused-summary/)
- [(RWM 01040101004) Part I: Non-Contradiction](https://aynrand.org/ari_media/rwm-01040101004-part-i-non-contradiction/)
- [(RWM 01040101003) Unworthiness](https://aynrand.org/ari_media/rwm-01040101003-unworthiness/)
- [(RWM 01040101002) The Resignations](https://aynrand.org/ari_media/rwm-01040101002-the-resignations/)
- [(RWM 01040101001) Chapter 10 Focused Summary](https://aynrand.org/ari_media/rwm-01040101001-chapter-10-focused-summary/)
- [(RWM 0104010904) Mr. Mowen](https://aynrand.org/ari_media/rwm-0104010904-mr-mowen/)
- [(RWM 0104010903) The Sacred and the Profane](https://aynrand.org/ari_media/rwm-0104010903-the-sacred-and-the-profane/)
- [(RWM 0104010902) Dagny and Rearden](https://aynrand.org/ari_media/rwm-0104010902-dagny-and-rearden/)
- [(RWM 0104010901) Chapter 9 Focused Summary](https://aynrand.org/ari_media/rwm-0104010901-chapter-9-focused-summary/)
- [(RWM 0104010804) Disinterested vs. Objective](https://aynrand.org/ari_media/rwm-0104010804-disinterested-vs-objective-2/)
- [(RWM 0104010803) Ellis Wyatt](https://aynrand.org/ari_media/rwm-0104010803-ellis-wyatt/)
- [(RWM 0104010802) Favorite Quotes](https://aynrand.org/ari_media/rwm-0104010802-favorite-quotes/)
- [(RWM 0104010801) Chapter 8 Focused Summary](https://aynrand.org/ari_media/rwm-0104010801-chapter-8-focused-summary/)
- [(RWM 0104010704) Rearden Life](https://aynrand.org/ari_media/rwm-0104010704-rearden-life/)
- [(RWM 0104010703) No Really, Who Is John Galt?](https://aynrand.org/ari_media/rwm-0104010703-no-really-who-is-john-galt/)
- [(RWM 0104010702) Dr. Robert Stadler](https://aynrand.org/ari_media/rwm-0104010702-dr-robert-stadler/)

## RWM Chapters
- [Chapter 10: The Sign of the Dollar](https://aynrand.org/rwm-chapter/chapter-10-the-sign-of-the-dollar/)
- [Chapter 9: The Face Without Pain or Fear or Guilt](https://aynrand.org/rwm-chapter/chapter-9-the-face-without-pain-or-fear-or-guilt/)
- [Chapter 8: By Our Love](https://aynrand.org/rwm-chapter/chapter-8-by-our-love/)
- [Chapter 7: The Moratorium on Brains](https://aynrand.org/rwm-chapter/chapter-7-the-moratorium-on-brains/)
- [Chapter 6: Miracle Metal](https://aynrand.org/rwm-chapter/chapter-6-miracle-metal/)
- [Chapter 5: Account Overdrawn](https://aynrand.org/rwm-chapter/chapter-5-account-overdrawn/)
- [Chapter 4: The Sanction of the Victims](https://aynrand.org/rwm-chapter/chapter-4-the-sanction-of-the-victims/)
- [Chapter 3: White Blackmail](https://aynrand.org/rwm-chapter/chapter-3-white-blackmail/)
- [Chapter 2: The Aristocracy of Pull](https://aynrand.org/rwm-chapter/chapter-2-the-aristocracy-of-pull/)
- [Chapter 1: The Man Who Belonged on Earth](https://aynrand.org/rwm-chapter/chapter-1-the-man-who-belonged-on-earth/)
- [Chapter 10: Wyatt’s Torch](https://aynrand.org/rwm-chapter/chapter-10-wyatts-torch/)
- [Chapter 9: The Sacred and the Profane](https://aynrand.org/rwm-chapter/chapter-9-the-sacred-and-the-profane/)
- [Chapter 8: The John Galt Line](https://aynrand.org/rwm-chapter/chapter-8-the-john-galt-line/)
- [Chapter 7: The Exploiters and the Exploited](https://aynrand.org/rwm-chapter/chapter-7-the-exploiters-and-the-exploited/)
- [Chapter 6: The Non-Commercial](https://aynrand.org/rwm-chapter/chapter-6-the-non-commercial/)
- [Chapter 5: The Climax of the d’Anconias](https://aynrand.org/rwm-chapter/chapter-5-the-climax-of-the-danconias/)
- [Chapter 4: The Immovable Movers](https://aynrand.org/rwm-chapter/chapter-4-the-immovable-movers/)
- [Chapter 3: The Top and the Bottom](https://aynrand.org/rwm-chapter/chapter-3-the-top-and-the-bottom/)
- [Chapter 2: The Chain](https://aynrand.org/rwm-chapter/chapter-2-the-chain/): Loading media (RWM 01040201001) Chapter 10 Focused Summary...
- [Chapter 1: The Theme](https://aynrand.org/rwm-chapter/chapter-1-the-theme/): Loading media (RWM 010401010102) An Intro to the Project (V2)...

## Products

## 
- [Test Exhibit 1](https://aynrand.org/?p=24052)

## 
- [Second-Hand Lives binder](https://aynrand.org/?p=34195): Although Ayn Rand’s first set of notes for The Fountainhead has been referred to as a “notebook” in some contexts, they were actually a set of loose-leaf pages kept in this two-ring binder. She kept additional notes about the novel in a second binder like this one, and another set of notes were loose-leaf pages organized in a folder, rather than a binder or bound notebook.
- [Second-Hand Lives notebook](https://aynrand.org/?p=34196): Ayn Rand made her earliest notes for The Fountainhead, beginning in December 1935, on lined, loose-leaf paper that she kept in a two-ring binder (see previous item). She continued to add pages over the next several years; the final notes from this binder are dated October 1938.
- [“Main points of plan”](https://aynrand.org/?p=34197): In these notes, we can see Rand approaching the project at different levels of abstraction, writing out the theme and ideas of the novel in a more condensed way than in her initial notes of 1935–1936, when she first covered this material. Here she lays out a mix of broad philosophical ideas and specifics about how those ideas would be conveyed.
- [“Cast”](https://aynrand.org/?p=34198): This is a continuation of the previous item, in the form of a brief character list. Notable here is a formulation about the four main characters: Roark as “the man who can be and is,” and the characters of Gail Wynand, Peter Keating, and Ellsworth Toohey in relation to him. This was not the only place that Rand used that formulation, but it indicates that she was thinking about the characters in this essentialized way early in the novel’s development.
- [“Tentative plan”](https://aynrand.org/?p=34199): These are some of Rand’s notes on the overall progression of the story, with indications of major personal and professional events in Howard Roark’s life and their timing. Included are some events that did not make it into the final story, such as an attempted bribe involving Roark, and the possibility of Roark’s working on a building in China. The overall progression of Roark and Dominique’s relationship is indicated, including her marriages to both Keating and Wynand.
- [“Roark’s Professional Life”](https://aynrand.org/?p=34200): On this page, Rand laid out the events of Roark’s life, covered by the novel in chronological order by year. Of particular interest here is the listing for the “Housing Project” late in the story. By this time in early April 1938, Rand had, at last, identified the climax of the story: that Roark would need to blow up a housing project. This single event was sufficiently dramatic and (as she noted in her later biographical interviews) combined “a political issue and an architectural issue” (that of housing, as indicated to her by architect Ely Jacques Kahn), and all the main characters and “their chief conflicts or issues.”
- [“Short-story-chain construction”](https://aynrand.org/?p=34201): As the final item in this first section, this brief outline lays out the four parts in a more condensed fashion. With the newly identified climax once again noted here in Part IV, it is clear that Rand now had a solid sense of how the full story would go. Although there are some minor differences between what she wrote here and the final novel, much of the story that readers are familiar with was in place.
- [“‘Second-hand lives’ (Complete to-date)”](https://aynrand.org/?p=34202): This is an early outline of the full novel, from shortly after Rand identified the story’s climax. As an early outline, there are some events or elements of the story written here that either don’t make it into the final novel or change by the end (a small example: the architectural competition that Keating wins in Part I was originally for a library building, later changed to the Cosmo-Slotnick building).
- [“Essentials of I part”](https://aynrand.org/?p=34203): This very essentialized outline of Part I touches on only the most important events for each chapter of the first part. Although not dated, this outline is likely an early one, probably earlier than the two outlines which follow in this exhibit. Its abstract nature, in comparison to the later outlines, which get into more concrete details for each chapter, is one clue that it is earlier.
- [“First draft of chapter plan” [Part I]](https://aynrand.org/?p=34204): This is the earliest dated outline covering Part I of the novel in detail, which Rand made shortly before she started writing the first draft of the story on June 26, 1938. Although similar to the following item, this outline is simpler and lacks some details that appear in the final story, implying that Rand created this one first and then rewrote it shortly after.
- [“First draft of chapter plan” [Part I]](https://aynrand.org/?p=34205): This is another detailed outline of Part I, started on the same day as the previous item and finished a few days later. This outline, however, contains more detail and is closer to the final story in some ways (though there are still several elements presented here that Rand later changed or removed from the novel).
- [“First draft of chapter plan” [Part II]](https://aynrand.org/?p=34206): This item is an early, detailed outline of Part II with various revisions by Rand. This item and her “first draft” outlines for Parts III and IV of the novel (see below) are all dated June 5, 1938, indicating that she completed them prior to her first detailed outlines for Part I (see above), which are dated June 15 of that year.
- [“Revised schedule of chapters” [Part II]](https://aynrand.org/?p=34207): This Part II outline is a revision created much later in early 1940. As noted at the top, Rand has already written the first two chapters of Part II at this point and is revising what comes after in greater detail than her 1938 outline.
- [Continued schedule of chapters [Part II]](https://aynrand.org/?p=34208): This page is part of the previous item, finishing up Rand’s 1940 revision of her outline for Part II of the novel.
- [Partial outline of chapters [Part II]](https://aynrand.org/?p=34209): This is Rand’s final outline for Part II, which is dated December 1941, only a year before she finished writing. Here we see the events of this part as they appear in the novel. Dominique’s involvement in the Aquitania Hotel (the “Unfinished Symphony”) from the previous outline is gone. Instead of issues surrounding that project, it is Roark’s loss in the Stoddard Temple lawsuit that pushes Dominique to marry Keating.
- [“First draft of chapter plan” [Part III]](https://aynrand.org/?p=34210): This was Rand’s first detailed outline of Part III. It contains some notable differences from the final novel, including events and characters (such as a young writer and a mistress of Roark’s) that Rand later removed. The “Summer Resort” (Monadnock Valley) project appears here, but in this early version, Rand thought that a flood would be the test of its success (with the resort’s owners counting on the flood to destroy it, but with Roark having built it to withstand the flooding). Rand later removed the flooding aspect of this event and moved the Monadnock Valley sequence to the beginning of Part IV of the novel, rather than keeping it in Part III.
- [“First draft of chapter plan” [Part IV]](https://aynrand.org/?p=34211): These six pages represent Rand’s first detailed outline, with revisions, of the final part of the novel.
- [Chapter plan [Part IV]](https://aynrand.org/?p=34212): This is a late revision that Rand made of the Part IV outline, dated just a few months prior to her completion of the whole novel.
- [“To do”](https://aynrand.org/?p=34213): This single page of notes is not dated, but probably comes from early in Rand’s drafting of Part I, based on her comment of “when Part I is finished” and the inclusion still of Vesta Dunning’s character, who was later cut from the story.
- [“Roark”](https://aynrand.org/?p=34214): As mentioned in the previous item, Rand created “schedules of development” for several characters in the first part of the novel. This one covers Roark’s development. Although not dated, the events and characters match up with Rand’s early 1938 outlines for this part of the story, so these notes likely date to the first couple of years of her work on the novel.
- [“To do”](https://aynrand.org/?p=34215): More undated notes that Rand made as she examined Part I of the novel and worked to polish it. This page includes some of her thoughts about Dominique’s character and motivations.
- [“Obstacles (Watch this as a reminder)”](https://aynrand.org/?p=34216): These two pages of notes list possible challenges or conflicts for Roark to encounter throughout the story. As Rand later stated in The Art of Fiction, “The more struggle a story involves, the better the plot.” In the context of writing fiction, Rand understood that “to illustrate the achievement of a purpose, you have to show men overcoming obstacles.” Hence, her emphasis in these notes on the challenges that Roark would have to face in order to achieve his purpose, “the career of a creative, independent architect.”
- [“For Roark-Dominique suit”](https://aynrand.org/?p=34217): These notes come from Rand trying to work out the events of Part II. The page is undated but matches up to her original, June 1938, detailed outline in terms of the content (see this item).
- [“Main questions” and “Subordinate questions”](https://aynrand.org/?p=34218): These notes are additional work by Rand to decide on the sequence of events in Part II. Although undated, the content here is similar to her second detailed outline for Part II from March 1940 (see this item). By this time, she had already abandoned the idea of a lawsuit between Roark and Dominique (see the previous item). Instead, she considered events surrounding the Aquitania Hotel construction and its halting (the “Unfinished Symphony”) as the reason that would lead Dominique to leave Roark and marry Keating.
- [“To think over”](https://aynrand.org/?p=34219): Rand’s view that people’s philosophical premises drive their choices in life shapes her fiction. The choices and actions of each character needed to follow logically from their philosophical ideas (whether good or bad), but they also needed to be appropriately dramatic for the medium of fiction. These notes cover some of Rand’s thoughts on this topic, about how the differing philosophical ideas of Roark and the other characters affect both each other and the story.
- [Narrative outline of Part I, Chapter I](https://aynrand.org/?p=34220): In these pages, Rand developed the novel’s opening scenes, first in a narrative, almost draft-like form, and then also a dialogue-only outline covering Roark’s conversation with the Dean. The date on these notes places her writing them the day before she began writing the first draft of the novel, and it is clear that Rand wanted to make sure that she got this important opening imagery and dialogue right.
- [Notes on early Dominique/Roark interaction](https://aynrand.org/?p=34221): Some scenes had to be crafted with extra care to achieve the effect Rand wanted. In the early scenes between Roark and Dominique, they have conversations that are ostensibly about other topics, but are actually a cover for the sexual tension and mutual attraction between them. Rand wanted to make sure that she was getting that subtext right, so she wrote out in these notes what was actually being implied under the cover of their other conversational topics (such as Roark’s living conditions).
- [Notes on second-handers](https://aynrand.org/?p=34222): In these notes, Rand planned important aspects of the Holcombe party scene by asking herself questions about it and then answering them. As she notes initially, one important purpose of this scene is that it is Roark and Dominique’s first meeting since their initial encounters in Connecticut. But the scene also had another purpose: to show the second-handedness of the society surrounding Roark.
- [“Plan of last part”](https://aynrand.org/?p=34223): This was Rand’s 14-page summary of how the novel would end, dated early April 1938. This was likely right around when she identified Roark dynamiting a housing project as the climax, so this was her very first conception of how the aftermath of that event would go. (See this item for the detailed outline that matches this summary.)
- [Notes on Wynand after betrayal](https://aynrand.org/?p=34224): This list of notes covers the scene of Gail Wynand’s night of wandering after his betrayal of Roark, when he bowed to the pressure to stop supporting Roark through his newspapers. Please note that Rand edited this list extensively on the page, rearranging the different parts into their final order. Those details are not captured in the transcript provided here, but can be seen by examining the original page.
- [“Roark’s speech”](https://aynrand.org/?p=34225): This page contains what are likely early thoughts of Rand’s on the speech that Roark gives at his trial. Elements of that final speech are apparent in these notes, but they are not in the polished form that Rand achieved for the published novel. By the time she actually finished writing the speech, every word mattered, and she chose them carefully.
- [Notes on Part I](https://aynrand.org/?p=34226): These pages contain a list of edits that Rand identified for the first part of the novel. Her repeated questions or assessments about the necessity of things show that plot was primary in her mind. All aspects of the novel, from whole characters or major events down to details, had to serve the plot. At the bottom of the third page, she gave herself further instructions for editing the novel’s first part to bring it up to the quality that she wanted.
- [“Questions (Architectural)”](https://aynrand.org/?p=34227): Here, Rand wrote out a list of questions about architectural details in the early parts of the novel that she wanted to check, and to the right are her later answers indicating which details were fine as written and which needed adjustment.
- [Notes on different types of marble](https://aynrand.org/?p=34228): Rand’s desire for accuracy in the novel’s architectural aspects extended down to small details, as these pages about different types of marble make clear. Although marble comes up at least briefly in several points throughout the story, the notes at the top of the second page here indicate that these notes were primarily related to Roark’s dialogue about marble in one of his early meetings with Dominique, as a cover for the sexual tension between them.
- [Notes on small details to fix in Part I](https://aynrand.org/?p=34229): Rand went through the novel with a sharp eye to polish her writing and to fix any inaccuracies. This list, where she goes page by page through the later sections of Part I, identifies some cuts and changes to the story, including word choices.
- [“To watch for”](https://aynrand.org/?p=34230): This list of words or phrases and grammatical issues (for example, “double adjectives”) served as a reminder for Rand of things she wanted to avoid using in her writing.
- [Character name lists](https://aynrand.org/?p=34231): Part of Rand’s efforts to make the novel what she wanted it to be involved choosing the names for each character. Another example of this appeared briefly in a previous item. On this page, she used a similar process, writing out lists of many possible names for a particular character until she decided on the one she liked best.
- [Philosophical notes](https://aynrand.org/?p=34232): Although it is not explicitly identified as such by Rand, the contents of this page of philosophical notes suggest that it may have been related to Roark’s speech at the end of the novel contrasting first-handers (individualism) and second-handers (collectivism).
- [Philosophical notes](https://aynrand.org/?p=34233): As with the previous item, this page of notes may have been related to Rand’s thinking about Roark’s speech.
- [Philosophical notes](https://aynrand.org/?p=34234): This page holds only two brief philosophical notes, both from relatively early in the writing of the novel.
- [Notes on Toohey and second-handers](https://aynrand.org/?p=34236): Rand’s first note here contains thoughts that are ultimately touched on in the novel via the sculptor Stephen Mallory’s identification of a “drooling beast” that he fears: something that seems human, but with which you can have no communication.

## Novels
- [Atlas Shrugged Novel](https://aynrand.org/novels/atlas-shrugged-new/): ATLAS SHRUGGED 1957 Start Reading Now
- [For the New Intellectual](https://aynrand.org/novels/for-the-new-intellectual/)
- [The Objectivist Newsletter](https://aynrand.org/novels/the-objectivist-newsletter/)
- [The Virtue of Selfishness](https://aynrand.org/novels/the-virtue-of-selfishness/)
- [Capitalism: the Unknown Ideal](https://aynrand.org/novels/capitalism-the-unknown-ideal/)
- [The Objectivist](https://aynrand.org/novels/the-objectivist/)
- [Introduction to Objectivist Epistemology](https://aynrand.org/novels/introduction-to-objectivist-epistemology/)
- [The Romantic Manifesto](https://aynrand.org/novels/the-romantic-manifesto/)
- [The New Left: The Anti-Industrial Revolution](https://aynrand.org/novels/the-new-left-the-anti-industrial-revolution/)
- [The Ayn Rand Letter](https://aynrand.org/novels/the-ayn-rand-letter/)
- [Philosophy: Who Needs It](https://aynrand.org/novels/philosophy-who-needs-it/)
- [The Ayn Rand Lexicon: Objectivism from A to Z](https://aynrand.org/novels/the-ayn-rand-lexicon-objectivism-from-a-to-z/)
- [The Voice of Reason: Essays in Objectivist Thought](https://aynrand.org/novels/the-voice-of-reason-essays-in-objectivist-thought/)
- [The Ayn Rand Column](https://aynrand.org/novels/the-ayn-rand-column/)
- [Ayn Rand’s Marginalia](https://aynrand.org/novels/ayn-rands-marginalia/)
- [Letters of Ayn Rand](https://aynrand.org/novels/letters-of-ayn-rand/)
- [Journals of Ayn Rand](https://aynrand.org/novels/journals-of-ayn-rand/)
- [Russian Writings on Hollywood](https://aynrand.org/novels/russian-writings-on-hollywood/)
- [The Ayn Rand Reader](https://aynrand.org/novels/the-ayn-rand-reader/)
- [Return of the Primitive (Exp. edition of The New Left)](https://aynrand.org/novels/return-of-the-primitive-exp-edition-of-the-new-left/)
- [The Art of Fiction](https://aynrand.org/novels/the-art-of-fiction/)
- [The Art of Nonfiction](https://aynrand.org/novels/the-art-of-nonfiction/)
- [Ayn Rand Answers: The Best of Her Q & A](https://aynrand.org/novels/ayn-rand-answers-the-best-of-her-q-a/)
- [Objectively Speaking: Ayn Rand Interviewed](https://aynrand.org/novels/objectively-speaking-ayn-rand-interviewed/)
- [Objectivism: The Philosophy of Ayn Rand](https://aynrand.org/novels/objectivism-the-philosophy-of-ayn-rand/)
- [Ideal](https://aynrand.org/novels/ideal/)
- [Three Plays](https://aynrand.org/novels/three-plays/)
- [The Early Ayn Rand](https://aynrand.org/novels/the-early-ayn-rand/)
- [Night of January 16th](https://aynrand.org/novels/night-of-january-16th/)
- [Atlas Shrugged](https://aynrand.org/novels/atlas-shrugged/)
- [The Fountainhead](https://aynrand.org/novels/the-fountainhead/)
- [Anthem](https://aynrand.org/novels/anthem/)
- [We the Living](https://aynrand.org/novels/we-the-living/)

## Members
- [Gregory Salmieri](https://aynrand.org/member/gregory-salmieri/)
- [Steve Simpson](https://aynrand.org/member/steve-simpson/)
- [Elan Journo](https://aynrand.org/member/elan-journo/)
- [Ben Bayer](https://aynrand.org/member/ben-bayer/)
- [Aaron Smith](https://aynrand.org/member/aaron-smith/)
- [Keith Lockitch](https://aynrand.org/member/keith-lockitch/)
- [Onkar Ghate](https://aynrand.org/member/onkar-ghate/)

## Letters
- [To a Catholic Priest [Letter 532]](https://aynrand.org/archives/letters/letter-532/)
- [To Lyolya (Lev/Leo) Bekkerman [Letter 1]](https://aynrand.org/archives/letters/letter-1-2/)
- [To John Hospers [Letter 464]](https://aynrand.org/archives/letters/letter-464-2/)
- [To John Hospers [Letter 463]](https://aynrand.org/archives/letters/letter-463/)
- [To John Hospers [Letter 462]](https://aynrand.org/archives/letters/letter-462/)
- [To John Hospers [Letter 461]](https://aynrand.org/archives/letters/letter-461/)
- [To John Hospers [Letter 460]](https://aynrand.org/archives/letters/letter-460/)
- [To John Hospers [Letter 459]](https://aynrand.org/archives/letters/letter-459/)
- [To John Hospers [Letter 458]](https://aynrand.org/archives/letters/letter-458/)
- [To John Hospers [Letter 457]](https://aynrand.org/archives/letters/letter-457/)
- [To Isabel Paterson [Letter 162]](https://aynrand.org/archives/letters/letter-162/)
- [To Isabel Paterson [Letter 161]](https://aynrand.org/archives/letters/letter-161/)
- [To Isabel Paterson [Letter 160]](https://aynrand.org/archives/letters/letter-160/)
- [To Isabel Paterson [Letter 159]](https://aynrand.org/archives/letters/letter-159/)
- [To Isabel Paterson [Letter 158]](https://aynrand.org/archives/letters/letter-158/)
- [To Isabel Paterson [Letter 157]](https://aynrand.org/archives/letters/letter-157/)
- [To Isabel Paterson [Letter 156]](https://aynrand.org/archives/letters/letter-156/)
- [To Isabel Paterson [Letter 155]](https://aynrand.org/archives/letters/letter-155/)
- [To Isabel Paterson [Letter 154]](https://aynrand.org/archives/letters/letter-154/)
- [To Isabel Paterson [Letter 153]](https://aynrand.org/archives/letters/letter-153/)
- [To Isabel Paterson [Letter 152]](https://aynrand.org/archives/letters/letter-152/)
- [To Isabel Paterson [Letter 151]](https://aynrand.org/archives/letters/letter-151/)
- [To Isabel Paterson [Letter 150]](https://aynrand.org/archives/letters/letter-150/)
- [To Isabel Paterson [Letter 149]](https://aynrand.org/archives/letters/letter-149/)
- [To Isabel Paterson [Letter 148]](https://aynrand.org/archives/letters/letter-148/)
- [To Isabel Paterson [Letter 147]](https://aynrand.org/archives/letters/letter-147/)
- [To Isabel Paterson [Letter 146]](https://aynrand.org/archives/letters/letter-146/)
- [To Leonard Read [Letter 145]](https://aynrand.org/archives/letters/letter-145/)
- [To Howard A. Legge, a fan [Letter 144]](https://aynrand.org/archives/letters/letter-144/)
- [To Nick Carter [Letter 143]](https://aynrand.org/archives/letters/letter-143/)
- [To Dr. Edward Spencer Cowles, a fan [Letter 142]](https://aynrand.org/archives/letters/letter-142/)
- [To Pincus Berner [Letter 141]](https://aynrand.org/archives/letters/letter-141/)
- [To Harry C. Scott, of the Southern California Telephone Co. [Letter 140]](https://aynrand.org/archives/letters/letter-140/)
- [To Gerald Loeb [Letter 139]](https://aynrand.org/archives/letters/letter-139/)
- [To Archibald Ogden [Letter 138]](https://aynrand.org/archives/letters/letter-138/)
- [To Jack Warner [Letter 137]](https://aynrand.org/archives/letters/letter-137/)
- [To Gerald Loeb [Letter 136]](https://aynrand.org/archives/letters/letter-136/)
- [To Gerald Loeb [Letter 135]](https://aynrand.org/archives/letters/letter-135/)
- [To William Mullendore [Letter 134]](https://aynrand.org/archives/letters/letter-134/)
- [To Charles S. Pearson, of Charles S. Pearson Lectures [Letter 133]](https://aynrand.org/archives/letters/letter-133/)
- [To Ralph E. Lewis, of the law firm of Freston & Files [Letter 132]](https://aynrand.org/archives/letters/letter-132/)
- [To Hugh MacLennan, novelist [Letter 131]](https://aynrand.org/archives/letters/letter-131/)
- [To Bill Cole [Letter 130]](https://aynrand.org/archives/letters/letter-130/)
- [To Richard Mealand [Letter 129]](https://aynrand.org/archives/letters/letter-129/)
- [To D. L. Chambers [Letter 128]](https://aynrand.org/archives/letters/letter-128/)
- [To Richard Mealand [Letter 127]](https://aynrand.org/archives/letters/letter-127/)
- [To D. L. Chambers [Letter 126]](https://aynrand.org/archives/letters/letter-126/)
- [To Walter Hurley [Letter 125]](https://aynrand.org/archives/letters/letter-125/)
- [To William Mullendore [Letter 124]](https://aynrand.org/archives/letters/letter-124/)
- [To Sam Rapport, editor at Appleton-Century-Crofts publishers [Letter 331]](https://aynrand.org/archives/letters/letter-331/)

## Chapters
- [The Later Years](https://aynrand.org/archives/chapters/chapter-10/): This material (apart from new letters) was originally Chapter Eight of the Letters of Ayn Rand book. It contains three new letters: 476, 515, and 586.
- [Letters to a Philosopher (John Hospers)](https://aynrand.org/archives/chapters/chapter-9/): At the time of the following correspondence, John Hospers taught philosophy at Brooklyn College and at the University of California, Los Angeles. Much interested in Objectivism at that time, Hospers appeared on radio shows with Ayn Rand and devoted considerable attention to her ideas in his popular ethics textbook Human Conduct. As a condition of reprinting the excerpts from his letters quoted by Ayn Rand, Professor Hospers asked that the following statement by him be included. It is included without comment. The letters were interstices between oral conversations; they were written only when Ayn and I were at different geographical locations and could not meet in person. Almost all of the significant material in our communications with each other was in oral, not written, form. The letters may thus give a distorted view of the content of our conversations. You rightly have a great interest in reproducing everything that Ayn said; and you have no particular interest in whatever it was that I said, either to initiate a discussion or to respond to her. The result is that my thoughts just don’t appear in these pages—not that you wanted them to, of course. But sometimes I thought that Ayn had not correctly apprehended a point I had made, and her summary of what I said sometimes did not reproduce what I really did say. Whether what I said was mistaken or not is beside the point here; I was often more interested in clarifying a point than in presenting it for acceptance. I am afraid the reader who read what Ayn wrote to me, and not what I wrote to her, would gather that I was a bloody fool. I daresay that in some ways I was, yet not so much as one would get the impression of from the letters. The trouble is, from her letters one gets only one side of a dialogue. And that isn’t quite fair, is it? This material was originally Chapter Seven of the Letters of Ayn Rand book.
- [The Fountainhead and Atlas Shrugged Years, Part 3](https://aynrand.org/archives/chapters/chapter-8/): The material in this chapter (apart from new letters) was originally included in Chapter Six of the Letters of Ayn Rand book. It contains eight new letters: 369, 377, 378, 414, 425, 431, 437, and 448.
- [The Fountainhead and Atlas Shrugged Years, Part 2](https://aynrand.org/archives/chapters/chapter-7/): The material in this chapter (apart from new letters) was originally included in Chapter Six of the Letters of Ayn Rand book. It contains eight new letters: 305, 320, 327, 329, 336, 351, 354, and 355.
- [The Fountainhead and Atlas Shrugged Years, Part 1](https://aynrand.org/archives/chapters/chapter-6/): This chapter contains eleven new letters: 181, 183, 193, 207, 230, 231, 239, 240, 244, 253, and 282.
- [Letters to Isabel Paterson](https://aynrand.org/archives/chapters/chapter-5/): Friends and political allies for many years, Ayn Rand and Isabel Paterson were two of the champions of individualism of the 1940s. Paterson was a columnist for the New York Herald-Tribune and author of numerous books, most notably The God of the Machine. Rand and “Pat” saw each other on many occasions, often talking philosophy all night and often disagreeing. The contrasting approaches to ideas evident in their letters seem also to have characterized their conversations—Rand organized and logical; Paterson spontaneous and sometimes rambling. Rand later said of Paterson: “She had such switching metaphysics that it was frightening and you never could tell, not only from meeting to meeting, but within the same evening, when she would switch or why. At her best, she was enormously rational, with a very wide kind of abstract mind, could talk fascinatingly, make the best philosophical identifications and abstract connections. And generally was a marvelous mind… At her worst, she would turn into a mystic.” Their friendship ended in 1948, after Paterson’s visit to the O’Connors in California, when, in Rand’s words, Paterson insulted some of Rand’s friends “in the most causeless, unnecessary way.” Permission to print material from previously unpublished correspondence granted by the Estate of Isabel Paterson.
- [Return to Hollywood](https://aynrand.org/archives/chapters/chapter-4/): This chapter contains four new letters: 128, 130, and 141.
- [Letters to Frank Lloyd Wright](https://aynrand.org/archives/chapters/chapter-3/): Though not extensive, Ayn Rand’s correspondence with Frank Lloyd Wright covered twenty years, from 1937 to 1957. The two met a number of times, and Ayn Rand and her husband spent a weekend at Wright’s summer headquarters, Taliesin East, in Spring Green, Wisconsin. Two major projects involving Rand and Wright never materialized: Wright’s designing the buildings for the 1949 movie of The Fountainhead (his price was too high), and Wright’s building a home for the O’Connors, canceled when the O’Connors decided not to move out of Manhattan. Wright’s drawing of the “Ayn Rand house” appears in several Wright collections, including the cover of the 1994 weekly calendar produced by Taliesin Associates. The quoted letters of Frank Lloyd Wright are Copyright © 1994 The Frank Lloyd Wright Foundation and are used with the permission of the Foundation. All rights reserved.
- [We The Living to The Fountainhead](https://aynrand.org/archives/chapters/chapter-2/): This chapter contains twelve new letters: 39, 42, 44, 46, 48, 51, 55, 67, 70, 102, 107 and 108.
- [Arrival in America to We the Living](https://aynrand.org/archives/chapters/chapter-1/): This chapter contains six new letters: 3, 20, 23, 25, 30, and 31.

## Categories
- [Archives](https://aynrand.org/category/archives/)
- [Atlas Shrugged](https://aynrand.org/category/read-with-me/atlas-shrugged/)
- [Early Planning](https://aynrand.org/category/archives/the-fountainhead-exhibit/gallery/early-planning-2-1/)
- [Exhibit Gallery](https://aynrand.org/category/archives/the-fountainhead-exhibit/gallery/)
- [Ideas Matter](https://aynrand.org/category/archives/the-fountainhead-exhibit/gallery/ideas-matter-2-6/)
- [Outlines](https://aynrand.org/category/archives/the-fountainhead-exhibit/gallery/outlines-2-2/)
- [Part 1](https://aynrand.org/category/read-with-me/atlas-shrugged/as-part-1/)
- [Part 2](https://aynrand.org/category/read-with-me/atlas-shrugged/as-part-2/)
- [Perfecting a Masterpiece](https://aynrand.org/category/archives/the-fountainhead-exhibit/gallery/perfecting-masterpiece-2-5/)
- [Read With Me](https://aynrand.org/category/read-with-me/)
- [Scene Planning](https://aynrand.org/category/archives/the-fountainhead-exhibit/gallery/scene-planning-2-4/)
- [Story Building](https://aynrand.org/category/archives/the-fountainhead-exhibit/gallery/story-building-2-3/)
- [The Fountainhead Exhibit](https://aynrand.org/category/archives/the-fountainhead-exhibit/)

## Video Categories
- [Ayn Rand In Person](https://aynrand.org/video_cat/ayn-rand-in-person/)
- [Ayn Rand On](https://aynrand.org/video_cat/ayn-rand-on/)
- [Who is Ayn Rand](https://aynrand.org/video_cat/who-is-ayn-rand/)